Colorado River

The Colorado River is the principal river of the Southwestern United
States and northwest Mexico. Rising in the western Rocky Mountains, the
1,450-mile (2,330 km) river drains a vast arid region of the Colorado
Plateau and the Mojave and Sonoran Deserts as it heads towards the Gulf
of California. Known for its dramatic scenery (Horseshoe Bend pictured)
and its whitewater, the Colorado carves numerous gorges, including the
Grand Canyon in northern Arizona. For 8,000 years, the Colorado Basin
was only sparsely populated by Native Americans, though some of their
ancient civilizations employed advanced irrigation techniques. Even
after becoming part of the U.S. in the 1800s, the Colorado River country
remained extremely remote until John Wesley Powell's 1869 river-running
expedition, which began to open up the river for future development.
Since the completion of Hoover Dam in 1935, the Colorado has been tamed
by an extensive system of dams and canals, providing for irrigation,
cities, and hydropower. Today the Colorado supports 40 million people in
seven U.S. and two Mexican states; with every drop of its water
allocated, it no longer reaches the sea except in years of heavy runoff.

Web search engine

A web search engine is a software system that is desined to search for information on the World Wide Web.The search results are generally presented in 
a line of results often referred to as search engine reults pages (SERPs).The
information may be a mix of web pages,images,and other types of files.Some 
search engines also mine data available in databases or open directories. Unlike 
web directories,which are maintained only by human editors, search engines also
maintain real-time information by running an algorithm on a web crawler.

nebular hypothesis

The nebular hypothesis is the most widely accepted model in cosmogony
explaining the formation and evolution of the Solar System, which
suggests that it formed from nebulous material in space. The hypothesis
offers explanations for some of the Solar System's properties, including
the nearly circular and coplanar orbits of the planets, and their motion
in the same direction as the Sun's rotation. According to the
hypothesis, Sun-like stars form over about 100 million years, in
massive, gravitationally unstable clouds of molecular hydrogen (giant
molecular clouds). Matter coalesces to smaller, denser clumps within,
which then proceed to both rotate and collapse, forming stars. Star
formation produces a gaseous protoplanetary disk around the young star,
which may give birth to planets (protoplanetary disk pictured in the
Orion Nebula). The formation of planetary systems is thought to be a
natural result of star formation, with dense terrestrial planets forming
closer to the star and colder giant planets forming further away, beyond
the so-called frost line. Originally applied only to our own Solar
System, the nebular hypothesis is now thought to be at work throughout
the universe.

Read more: <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nebular_hypothesis>

Oscar Wilde

Oscar Fingal O'Flahertie Wills Wilde (16 October 1854 – 30 November 1900) was an Irish writer and poet. After writing in different forms throughout the 1880s, he became one of London's most popular playwrights in the early 1890s. Today he is remembered for his epigrams, his novel The Picture of Dorian Gray, his plays, and the circumstances of his imprisonment and early death. In the latter half of the 20th century he became a gay icon.^[1]

Wilde's parents were successful Anglo-Irish Dublin intellectuals. Their son became fluent in French and German early in life. At university, Wilde read Greats; he proved himself to be an outstanding classicist, first atDublin, then at Oxford. He became known for his involvement in the rising philosophy of aestheticism, led by two of his tutors, Walter Pater and John Ruskin. After university, Wilde moved to London into fashionable cultural and social circles. As a spokesman for aestheticism, he tried his hand at various literary activities: he published a book of poems, lectured in the United States and Canada on the new "English Renaissance in Art", and then returned to London where he worked prolifically as a journalist. Known for his biting wit, flamboyant dress and glittering conversation, Wilde became one of the best-known personalities of his day.

At the turn of the 1890s, he refined his ideas about the supremacy of art in a series of dialogues and essays, and incorporated themes of decadence, duplicity, and beauty into his only novel, The Picture of Dorian Gray(1890). The opportunity to construct aesthetic details precisely, and combine them with larger social themes, drew Wilde to write drama. He wrote Salome (1891) in French in Paris but it was refused a licence for England due to the absolute prohibition of Biblical subjects on the English stage. Unperturbed, Wilde produced four society comedies in the early 1890s, which made him one of the most successful playwrights of late Victorian London.

At the height of his fame and success, while his masterpiece, The Importance of Being Earnest (1895), was still on stage in London, Wilde had the Marquess of Queensberry prosecuted for libel. The Marquess was the father of Wilde's lover, Lord Alfred Douglas. The charge carried a penalty of up to two years in prison. The trial unearthed evidence that caused Wilde to drop his charges and led to his own arrest and trial for gross indecency with other men. After two more trials he was convicted and imprisoned for two years' hard labour. In 1897, in prison, he wrote De Profundis, which was published in 1905, a long letter which discusses his spiritual journey through his trials, forming a dark counterpoint to his earlier philosophy of pleasure. Upon his release he left immediately for France, never to return to Ireland or Britain. There he wrote his last work, The Ballad of Reading Gaol (1898), a long poem commemorating the harsh rhythms of prison life. He died destitute in Paris at the age of 46.

Abraham Lincoln

Abraham Lincoln ⁱ/ˈeɪbrəhæm ˈlɪŋkən/ (February 12, 1809 – April 15, 1865) was the 16th president of the United States, serving from March 1861 until his assassination in April 1865. Lincoln led the United States through its Civil War—its bloodiest war and its greatest moral, constitutional and political crisis.^[1][2] In doing so, he preserved the Union, abolished slavery, strengthened the federal government, and modernized the economy.

Reared in a poor family on the western frontier, Lincoln was a self-educated lawyer in Illinois, a Whig Party leader, state legislator during the 1830s, and a one-term member of the Congress during the 1840s. He promoted rapid modernization of the economy through banks, canals, railroads and tariffs to encourage the building of factories; he opposed the war with Mexico in 1846. After a series of highly publicized debates in 1858, during which Lincoln spoke out against the expansion of slavery, he lost the U.S. Senate race to his archrival, Democrat Stephen A. Douglas.

Lincoln, a moderate from a swing state, secured the Republican Party presidential nomination in 1860. With very little support in the slave states, Lincoln swept the North and was elected president in 1860. His election prompted seven southern slave states to form the Confederacy before he took the office. No compromise or reconciliation was found regarding slavery.

When the North enthusiastically rallied behind the Union after the Confederate attack on Fort Sumter on April 12, 1861, Lincoln concentrated on the military and political dimensions of the war effort. His primary goal was always to reunite the nation. He suspended habeas corpus, arresting and temporarily detaining thousands of suspected secessionists in the border states without trial. Lincoln averted potential British intervention by defusing the Trent Affair in late 1861. His complex moves toward ending slavery centered on the Emancipation Proclamation in 1863, using the Army to protect escaped slaves, encouraging the border states to outlaw slavery, and helping push through Congress theThirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, which permanently outlawed slavery. Lincoln closely supervised the war effort, especially the selection of top generals, including his most successful general Ulysses S. Grant. He made the major decisions on Union war strategy. Lincoln's Navy set up a naval blockade that shut down the South's normal trade, helped take control of Kentucky and Tennessee, and gained control of the Southern river system using gunboats. Lincoln tried repeatedly to capture the Confederate capital at Richmond; each time a general failed, Lincoln substituted another, until finally Grant succeeded in 1865.

An exceptionally astute politician deeply involved with power issues in each state, Lincoln reached out to "War Democrats" (who supported the North against the South), and managed his own re-election in the1864 presidential election. As the leader of the moderate faction of the Republican party, Lincoln confronted Radical Republicans who demanded harsher treatment of the South, War Democrats who called for more compromise, antiwar Democrats called Copperheads who despised him, and irreconcilable secessionists who plotted his death. Politically, Lincoln fought back by pitting his opponents against each other, by appealing to the American people with his powers of oratory, and by carefully planned political patronage.^[3] His Gettysburg Address of 1863 became an iconic statement of America's dedication to the principles of nationalism, republicanism, equal rights, liberty, and democracy. Lincoln held a moderate view of Reconstruction, seeking to reunite the nation speedily through a policy of generous reconciliation in the face of lingering and bitter divisiveness. Six days after the surrender of Confederate commanding general Robert E. Lee, Lincoln was assassinated by John Wilkes Booth, a noted actor and Confederate sympathizer.

Lincoln has been consistently ranked both by scholars and the public as one of the greatest U.S. presidents.

Megadeth

Megadeth is a thrash metal band from Los Angeles, California.
 The group was formed in 1983 by guitarist Dave Mustaine and 
bassist David Ellefson. It is credited as one of thrash metal's "big four" with
Anthrax, Metallica and Slayer, responsible for the genre's development
and popularization. Megadeth's music features fast rhythm sections and
complex arrangements; themes of death, war, politics and religion are
prominent in the lyrics. The success of its debut album on an
independent label led to Megadeth signing with Capitol Records. The
band's first major-label album, Peace Sells... but Who's Buying? (1986),
greatly influenced the underground metal scene; albums and worldwide
tours in the 1990s brought Megadeth public recognition. The group has
sold 50 million records worldwide, earned U.S. platinum certification
for six of its fourteen studio albums, and received eleven Grammy
nominations. The band's mascot, Vic Rattlehead, regularly appears on
album artwork and since 2010 in live shows. The group has experienced
controversy over its musical approach and lyrics: concerts have been
canceled, albums banned, and MTV refused to play two videos that it
considered to condone suicide.

MANTRA

The Om syllable is considered a mantra in its own right in Vedanta school of Hinduism.

"Mantra" (Sanskrit मंत्र) means a sacred utterance, numinous sound, or a syllable, word, phonemes, or group of words believed by some to have psychological and spiritual power.Mantra may or may not be syntactic or have literal meaning; the spiritual value of mantra comes when it is audible, visible, or present in thought.

Earliest mantras were composed in Vedic times by Hindus in India, and those are at least 3000 years old.Mantras are now found in various schools of Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism and Sikhism.Similar hymns, chants, compositions and concepts are found in Zoroastrianism,Taoism, Christianity and elsewhere.

The use, structure, function, importance and types of mantras vary according to the school and philosophy of Hinduism and of Buddhism. Mantras serve a central role in the tantric school of Hinduism.In this school, mantras are considered equivalent to deities, a sacred formula and deeply personal ritual, and considered to be effective only after initiation. However, in other schools of Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism or Sikhism, this is not so.

Mantras come in many forms, including ṛc (verses from Rigveda for example) and sāman (musical chants from the Sāmaveda for example).They are typically melodic, mathematically structured meters, resonant with numinous qualities. At its simplest, the word ॐ (Aum, Om) serves as a mantra. In more sophisticated forms, they are melodic phrases with spiritual interpretations such as human longing for truth, reality, light, immortality, peace, love, knowledge and action.  In other forms, they are literally meaningless, yet musically uplifting and spiritually meaningful.

Hinduism

Hinduism is the dominant religion of the Indian subcontinent, and consists of many diverse traditions. It includes Shaivism, Vaishnavism and Shaktism^[2] among numerous other traditions, and a wide spectrum of laws and prescriptions of "daily morality" based on karma, dharma, and societal norms. Hinduism is a categorisation of distinct intellectual or philosophical points of view, rather than a rigid, common set of beliefs.^[3]

Hinduism has been called the "oldest religion" in the world,^{[note 2]} and some practitioners refer to it asSanātana Dharma, "the eternal law" or the "eternal way" beyond human origins.^[15] It prescribes the "eternal" duties all Hindus have to follow, regardless of class, caste, or sect, such as honesty, purity, and self-restraint.

Western scholars regard Hinduism as a fusion or synthesis of various Indian cultures and traditions,with diverse roots and no single founder.This "Hindu synthesis" emerged around the beginning of the Common Era, and co-existed for several centuries with Buddhism, to finally gain the upper hand in most royal circles during the 8th century CE. From northern India this "Hindu synthesis", and its societal divisions, spread to southern India and parts of Southeast Asia.

Since the 19th century, under the dominance of western colonialism and Indology, when the term "Hinduism" came into broad use, Hinduism has re-asserted itself as a coherent and independent tradition. The popular understanding of Hinduism has been dominated by "Hindu modernism",in which mysticismand the unity of Hinduism have been emphasised. During 20th century, Hindutva ideology, a part of the Hindu politics emerged as a political force and a source for national identity in India.

Hindu practices include daily rituals such as puja (worship) and recitations, annual festivals, and occasional pilgrimages. Select group of asceticsleave the common world and engage in lifelong ascetic practices to achieve moksha.

Hindu texts are classified into Śruti ("revealed") and Smriti ("remembered"). These texts discuss theology, philosophy, mythology, Vedic yajna andagamic rituals and temple building, among other topics. Major scriptures include the Vedas, Upanishads (both Śruti), Mahabharata, Ramayana, Bhagavad Gita, Puranas, Manusmṛti, and Agamas (all smriti).

Hinduism, with about one billion followers is the world's third largest religion, after Christianity and Islam.all are taken from wikipedia.

काकोरी कांड

आज ही के दिन राम प्रसाद बिस्मिल की अगुवाई में काकोरी कांड को अंजाम दिया गया था. इस घटना में भारतीय क्रांतिकारियों नें सहारनपुर-लखनऊ पैसेन्जर ट्रेन में जा रहे ब्रिटिश सरकार के खजाने को लूट लिया था. बाद में अंग्रेजी सरकार द्वारा इस घटना को अंजाम देने वाले राम प्रसाद बिस्मिल समेत 4 क्रांतिकारियों को फांसी की सजा सुनाई गयी थी. इन महान क्रांतिकारियों को भावभीनी श्रद्धांजलि अर्पित करें

Harry Potter

Harry Potter is a series of seven epic fantasy novels written by the British author J. K. Rowling. The series, named after the titular character, chronicles the adventures of a young wizard, Harry Potter, and his friends Ronald Weasley and Hermione Granger, all of whom are students at Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry. The main story arc concerns Harry's quest to overcome the Dark wizard Lord Voldemort, who aims to become immortal, conquer the wizarding world, subjugate non-magical people, and destroy all those who stand in his way, especially Harry Potter.

Since the release of the first novel, Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone, on 30 June 1997, the books have gained immense popularity, critical acclaim, and commercial success worldwide.^[2] The series has also had some share of criticism, including concern for the increasingly dark tone. As of July 2013, the books had sold between 400 and 450 million copies, making them one of the best-selling book series in history, and had beentranslated into 73 languages. The last four books consecutively set records as the fastest-selling books in history, with the final instalment selling approximately 11 million copies in the United States within the first twenty-four hours of its release.

A series of many genres, including fantasy, coming of age, and the British school story, (with elements ofmystery, thriller, adventure, and romance), it has many cultural meanings and references.According to Rowling, the main theme is death.^[6] There are also many other themes in the series, such as prejudice and corruption.^[7]

The series was originally printed in English by two major publishers, Bloomsbury in the United Kingdom andScholastic Press in the United States. The books have since been published by many publishers worldwide. The books, with the seventh book split into two parts, have been made into an eight-part film series by Warner Bros. Pictures, the highest-grossing film series of all time. The series also originated much tie-inmerchandise, making the Harry Potter brand worth in excess of $15 billion.^[8]

Thanks to the success of the books and films, Harry Potter has also been used for a theme park, The Wizarding World of Harry Potter in Universal Parks & Resorts' Islands of Adventure.

Dominion of India

Dominion of India
भारत अधिराज्य Bhārata Adhirājya
←  1947–1950  →
Flag
Anthem None Royal anthem God Save the King
Capital		New Delhi
Languages		Hindi, English
Religion		Hinduism, Islam,Jainism, Buddhism,Sikhism,Christianity
Government		Constitutional monarchy
Monarch
-	1936-1950	George VI
Governor-GeneralpreviouslyViceroy
-	1947–1948	Louis Mountbatten
-	1948–1950	C. Rajagopalachari
Prime MinisterpreviouslySecretary for State
-	1947-1950	Jawaharlal Nehru
Legislature		Constituent Assembly
Historical era		First World War
-	Indian Independence Act	15 August 1947
-	Indo-Pakistani War	22 October 1947
-	Constitution adopted	26 January 1950
Area
-	1950	3,287,263 km²(1,269,219 sq mi)
Currency		Indian rupee

The Dominion of India (Hindi: भारत अधिराज्य, Bhārata Adhirājya) was a predecessor to modern-day India and an independent state that existed between 15 August 1947 and 26 January 1950. It was transformed into the Republic of India by the promulgation of the Constitution of India on 26 January 1950.^[1]

George VI was made King of India (the head of state) and was represented by the Governor-General of India. However, the governor-general was not designated viceroy, as had been customary under the British Raj. Two governors-general held office in India during the Dominion period (after the office of Viceroy was abolished by the Indian Independence Act 1947): the Earl Mountbatten of Burma (1947–48) and Chakravarti Rajagopalachari (1948–50). Jawaharlal Nehru held office as prime minister formerly as Secretary for State (the head of government) of the Union of India throughout this period. Unlike the Indian subcontinent, countries such as Canada and Australia have chosen to retain the British monarch as head of state, although the topic of switching towards a republic has been discussed many times.for raghurajcashcode.com (source: wikipedia)